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Real time and Delayed HR interactionC

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Personal Informaticso

Personal informatics is the collection of “[..] personally relevant information for the purpose of self-reflection and gaining self-knowledge”o

As defined by Li et al. [Li] personal informatics is the collection of “[..] ally relevant information for the purpose of self-reflection and gaining self-knowledge.”Thus, collecting data and providing a platform to reflect on it are this datae two key factors when designing personal informatics systems. In 2007, a Wired Magazine article [Wired] coined the term Quantif qed self (- s), describing a movement of lifeloggers who takes self-racking and the acqng of selfowledge and turns it ino a lifestyle. It is a unified community with tens of thousands of members of quanti so-calledfied selfers who shares theirself-tracking habits in regular meetups all around the globe#. Tracking of health metrics (i.e. weight, sleep quality, mood) is the foundation of the QS community but not the excitsive focus: other categories include e.g. enmental variables (such as weather or location) or social variables (such as karma or influence) [Swan]. Rooksby et al. [Rooksby] established five different styles of personal tracking: 1) directive tracking, 2) documentary tracking, 3) diagnostic tracking, 4) collecting rewards and 5) fetishied tracking. Whereas quantified selfers using directive tracking are focused on reaching a specific goal, an ideal weight for instance, other styles of tracking might seek to acquire information concerning routine activities or to highlight certain problems with these routines, for instance understanding what might cause a stomach ache to appear. Additionally, some people merely collect data for the sake of collecting data or because a new device is viewed as fashionable. For extreme users in the QS community, Choe et al. [Choe] classifies three main categories for tracking: 1) to improve health, 2) to improve other aspects of life, and 3) to find new life experiences. The latter category differs from the former f i r s t t w o ies in that it does not focus on a specific goal but new experiences, and therefore allows the QS’ers to be exploratory and curious. Althou Instead of using tracking as a tool to improve one’s performance, this thesis aims to further investigate experience-based tracking and its possibilities in creating qualitative stories.gh self-tracking consist of large sets of quantitative metrics data, it can be viewed qualitatively through the subjective experience revealed behind the raw data [X]. Swa S w a n argues [ S w a n ] that some of the most effective future QS devices could be those combinethat s quantitative accuracy and qualitative meaning-making functionality [Swan]l

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Maitland et al. [Maitland] investigates supportive and cooperative involvement through social weight management. The paper finds that losing weight, more often than not, is a social endeavor and that it thrives under cooperation rather than competition. Still, Rooksby et al. [Rooksby] found that people used tracking to compete with other users of an app or to compare their metrics against the average for their gender or age group. The study found value not in social features on social media platforms but rather in co-present activities with friends, family and colleagues. The sociality of sharing information is likewise discussed by Swan [Swan] as group data, which is the idea of sharing aggregated data from multiple quantified selves to work collaborative. However,this idea does not fit how tourearch investigate data from multiple people. In, as tpresentations emerge from multiple individuals but is viewed conjointly. Therefore we argue that p r o p o s e erm group data should be redefined as “the idea:

Ti icioimibiiiniiinigi idiaitiai ifirioimi imiuilitiiipiliei ipieioipiliei iiini ioiridieiri itioi icioililiaibioiriaitiei ioiri isihiairiei iiinifioirimiaitiiioini”i.i i

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this research, our work investigates cooperative tracking as a family rather than individual t r a c k i n g - the norm — f the QS community. By considering the sociality of tracking we hope to influence a creation of stories and reflection based on the visualized data.

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[Staiano] Exergames for Physical Education Courses: Physical, Social, and Cognitive Benefitsb

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D. O n e f u n d a m e n t a l l y i m p f o r e x a m p l e o r t a n t c o n c e p t i s p r e a t t e n t i v e p r o c e s s i n g : a s u b c o n s c i o u s p r o c e s s i n g o f i n f o r m a t i o n a l l o w i n g t h e b r a i n t o i n s t a n t l y n o t i c e e . g . p a t t e r n s o r o u t l i e f o r i n s t a n c e n d a t a . I f e a s e o f s e a r c h i s e s s e n t i a l , a v i s u a l i z a t i o n s h o u l d u t i l i z e s t r o n g p r e a t t e n t i v e c u e s ( e . g . c o l o r s o r s h a p e s ) [ W a r e ] , s o t h a t t h e u s e r h a s t o m a k e a s s m a l l o f a n e f f o r t a s p o s s i b l e t o f i n d t h e d e s i r e d i n f o r m a t i o n . T h e p r e s e W a r e ’ s p r o v i d e s u s w i t h b a s i c k n o a b o u t t h e e r i n o u r o w n v i s u a l i z a t i o n s , w h i l e o b e y i n g t h e f u n d a m e n t a l c o n c e p t s o f g o o d p r a c t i c e i n i n f o r m a t i o n v i s u a l i z a t i o n . B y d o i n g s o w e h o p e t o c o n v e y d a t a i n a s a l i e n t a n d i n t e r e s t i n g m a n n e r .

Looking

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In 2m

Information visualization is more t

*hFigure c: lorem ipsum about this graph. Courtesy of Nielsen et al. [Nielsen et al.].

nt tjtutsttt tptrtetstetntttitntgt tdtatttat,t tittt tctatnt tatltstot tntatrtrtatttet tstttotrtitetst.t tTthtitst titst twthtattt Edward Segel and Jeffrey Heert [Segel and Heer] explorest twtittth narrative visualizations twthtetrtet ttthtetyt describes techniques for telling stories with data. They analyze 58 visualizations from online journalism, business and visualization research upon which they develop a framework. The framework includetsthree divisionts: 1) genre, 2) visual narrative t,nd 3) narrative structure, witetatctht tctotntttatitntitntgories. tAtdtdtitttitotntatltltyt they mention thet, balance between author-driven and reader-driven storiest twthtetrtetats Author-dt.linear ordering ot tctatttetgtotrtitstetdt tatsmessaging and no interactivity, twthtitltet reader-driven have no prescribed ordering, no messaging and free interactivity. The genre of the physicalizations presented in this thesis leans heavily tttotwtatrtdtst annotated graphs/map, however the design does not require the users to annotate the graphsom the second and third division many of the subcategories can be applied in ttthtet design, e.g from the visual structure the design have inspiration from progress bathtatst mebar to signal a start and anending totft ttthte event tftotrt titntstttatntctetctht the families thtatvtet trtetctotrtdtetd.t tItnt tctotntttrtatsttt,t ttthtitst ttthtetstitst tdtetstitgtnt tctatnt tbtet thtatrtdt ttt ttthtet tdtetstitgtntst tdtetvtetltotptetdt titnt ttthtitst ttthtetstitst,t t-t totrt trtetatdtetrt-tdtrtitvtetnt,t tstitntctet ttthtet tutstetrtst tatrtet ttthtet tatuttthtotrtst,t tatntdt tittt thtatvtet tqtutatltitttitetst totft thtatvtitntgt.tdtAtdtdtitttitotntatltltyt,t titttdthtatst tstttotpt tatntdt ttthtet tutstetittthtetrt t tatbtltet tttot titnttt tatntdt tatcttt t,t tittt tatntdt thtatvtet tntot tctltetatrt tmtetststatgtet tbt twtitttht tstotmtet totft ttthtet tptrtotttotttytptetstattt tptetotptltet titntttetrtptrtettt.t

r i g i d e t a l . [ P o u s e r s t a l . ] p r w h i c h i s t r a i t s f r o m b o t h c a t e g o r i e s e s i e l s e n e t a l . ] S u p p o r t i n g I n t e r a c t i v e V i s u a l A n a l y t i c s o f E n e r g y B e h a v i o r i n B u i l d i n g s t h r o u g h A f f i n e V i s u a l i z a t i o n s

[ R e d s u p p o r t i n g I n t e r a c t i v e V i s u a l A n a l y t i c s o f E n e r g y B e h a v i o r i n B u i l d i n g s t h r o u g h A f f i n e V i s u a l i z a t i o n s A e s t h e t i c s a n d U t i l i t y : D e s i g n i n g A m b i e n t I n f o r m a t i o n V i s u a l i z a t i o n

[ T h u d t V i s i t s ] V i s i t s : A S p a t i o t e m p o r a l V i s u a l i z a t i o n o f L o c a t i o n H i s t o r i e s

[Wu hysical artifacts whichData physicalization has been defined by Jansen et Al. [Jansen2015]:s

A data physicalization (or simp@

Data physicalization has been defined by Jansen et al. [Jansen2015] as:@

A data physicalization (or simply physicalization) is a physical artifact whose geometry or material properties encode data.@

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The excerpts included above, highlights the areas benefiting from data physicalization and how it has been utilized for vastly different scenarios. These examples are included to highlight the wide area applicable for data physicalization. Each of these vary in number of people each physicalization is based upon combined with vastly different ways to manifest logged data. Thus, we are intrigued by how these provided examples differ in their unique way of applying data physicalization and urge to explore how to utilize data physicalization as a tool fostering reflection. D

Background and its Emergence to researchers recent work narrowing the gulf separating the dynamicdynamic with physical representations. Ishii The dynamic property allows an object to alter its properties (e.g., shape and color) to accommodate the data previously only made possible in GUIs.and Ulmer revealed their vision about Tangible Bits [Ishii 97] in 1997 where they, besides envisioning interactive surfaces and ambient media, wanted to couple digital information (bits) with grwith le objects (atoms) ultima totely wishingysical matter contained within the surroundings of everyday environments into interfaces. A dT

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Studies exploring the qualities of information visualization and data physicalization have proved that a physical data representation embody qualities missing in its diesa:pendant [Yvonne 2013] forcincounterpart horoughly consid the visual dimensions and what particular medium is most appropriate for conveying the vas an zation and how the inherent properties of this medium enriches the eencing one physicalization; the secDesignerse hobbyistssectioplifies how data physicalization can act as a tool for optimizing. each enting thse level of polluti.n in a major city in ring time. Rather than stating hardcore facts about the level of pollution a lettuce is placed in each box and the level of pollution for that particular,city is represented through the amount of oxygen supplied affe ofng the conditions for the durandoi

Drop three lines here about why this applies to us!fcalization ng reflection is th in personal informatics systemsrough information visualto utilize data physicalization as a tool fostering reflection.days or weeks later [Li]. Yet, Rooksby et al. [Rooksby] present support for the temporality of tracker data. Their study found few examples of value in long-term data. Comparing recent data with previous data had some value, but users particularly valued their data from the curData-Driven rent day or the data collected from a specific recent activity. Additionally, Rivera-Pelayo et al. [Rivera-Pelayo] appliefound thatctiv

We find the above mentioned areas of particular interest as these are fffufnfdfafmfefnftfaflf to our thesis as the research expands on what is possible, while the democratization allow a broader scare of people to benefit from the instruments effectively giving them powerful tools to create physical objects. If people do not want to create but simply combine objects a toolkit has been developed to accommodate this wish. The programming of the objects is done through a simple web interface.se, of expiences on thi to be reflected upon isan be found in designing concepts for reflection that allows recalling and revisiting of somewhat recent experiences (or several) using data from those experi through dataences. The value of reflection on a using effective dataset will fade as time pass, Warees by, so a concept shouldlect as soon at the data is collected or reflect on more extensively seeHowell2018, ks later [Li]. Yet, Rooksby et al. [Rooksby] present support fot their own physicalizationd visu since tzing data of their choosing. Based on the study, they py (data from years or even weeks ago)pes of personal reflection on physicialization: 1) d was foundirectly on the data, 2) on data in light of one’s context and expectations, 3) on actionparticular ategies to improve or achieve goals and 4) on one’s values and attitudes regWeight and volume changing device with liquid metal transfero

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A] was the direct visualization of experce contextualized in the physical constructions, especially if tracking experiential or qualitative variables. The visualization formevsd a dv,v vcvovnvsvtvivtvuvtvevsv vrvevfvlvevcvtvivvvev vtvhvovuvSvevlvfv-vRvevfvlvevcvtvivovnv vavnvdv vPvevrvsvovnvavlv vPvhvyvsvivcvavlvivzvavtvivovnv vCvovnvsvtvrvuvcvtvivovn themv.rvIl and revisit their events [Rivelly, Thudt et al. [Thudtv2v0v1v8], highlight the lack of current research in direct visv,v vwvivtvhxperiences on information visualisation and vavsta physicavAv vcvovmvmvovnv vdvevfvivnvivtvivovnv vovfv vrvevfvlvevcvtvivovnv vuvsvevdv vivnv vtvhvev vlvivtvtvevrvavtvuvrvev vivsv lizatv’vsion - Whv,v vwvhvoich closely relates to the work pv,esenv vlvavsvtvlvythis thesis.v

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[Rivera-Pelayo] Applying Quantified Self Approaches to Support Reflective LearningR

[Card] Readings in information visualization: using vision to think

[Dewey] How we Think

[Baumer] Reviewing Reflection: On the Use of Reflection in Interactive System Designz

[Thudt 2 0 1 8] Self-Reflection and Personal Physicalization Construction

[Li]

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Visualized re proferses monitor HR to ensure well It is alsocoming patients. ofRight now most consumer applicationsare uch as Fitbit, use HR to gain self-knowle physical condition ohealth or r healthnd to optimf [Par ItRucken, Moto BodysThere are widely different uses for HR measurements, it can be used during workouts to consider activity leveThe pape c e n t a c tthe vitals of a patient to ensure their well-being. But, rather than using the HR for fit

Similarly, Howell et al. [Howell2018] explores data-driven reflection through a wearable device which visualizes ones emotional excitement in real-time. The wearable device is a shirt with three pinstripytyhyayty t hcan change coloy figure y ytyoy ytyhyey yryeysyeyayrycyhy yoyfy yTyhyuydyty yeyty yAyly.nes.s or health, some designers has found different values in the HRy

F i g u r e x : ( a ) l o r e m i p s u m , ( b ) l i p s u m dateartbloom], for instance, shows the perso T d c o n c e p t h e l c r e a t e p c tnal attachment to one's own h ’eartbeat by illustr f o u n d g the variabi p a r t i c i p a n t i n g s r e f l e c t u p o n t h e f e e d b a c k o f i t h e s hl r tit y o i n f r e i r c u r r e n t s i t u a t i o n ( w h e t h e r t h g o t a j o b o f a s f e r o r w a t c h i n g w T V ) y h e . g s t h e e l T h e p a r t i c i p a n t s a l s o r e f l e c t e d a b o u t a m b i g u o u s l y d i s p l a y i n g e m o t i o n s t o o n e ’ s s u r r o u n d i n g s , w h i c h s o m e f o u n d i n t e r e s t i n g w h i l e o t h e r s w o u l d l i k e t o b e a b l e t o h i d e t h e r f e e l i n g s a HR via pape y s ar (figure Xa). Furthermore, HR has a narrati d uve v i n c e r t a i n s i t u a t i o n s e as ilt[Baumer] Reviewing Reflection: On the Use of Reflection in Interactive System Design

is visualized by a simple line graph, but the sudden increases and decreases in HR (acc

[Howell] Tensions of Data - D r i v e n R e f l e c t i o n : A C a s e S t u d y o f R e a l - T i m e E m o t i o n a l B i o s e n s i n g

[Li]u[Rivera-Pelayo] Applying Quantified Self Approaches to Support Reflective Learning

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uA yline graph is not thwere ly HR data to embody different qualitiesrotote–pe acted as a c They mea users heart rate and tse hi agher the H emoticFn can motivate people cedengage inte of the user (HRian thmedian HRhocolate). stigathrough t The prior situation are all based aroun input viad biosensin and how peoplelTth a simil, si. This above-mentionedlize tthe presented fs searcfill et al. [Howell2018] to ron iose expressnsion)ing h m.obiltion through hist rate mea (the higher the median the thicker chocolate)e a mansifes ed in BPM (beatsute) and if represents the HR as a the hangesmFxed heartera. The concept allows participants to explore their own HR as different flavours are poured into a glass depending on the HR level (fates fZ) eJust as Sweat-Atoms [KhotSweatAtoms] (described During our This tOur Oectison as som rethietng e inttha trod can uonehappe n people when remini eg theyagingne withn theofastbe dction) collabuilds on by verbally discussing it., p the graph which is useful inspiratiXaonor s. Our desig.s One challenge for these papers is however,change the outcome. A challenge for these papers is that the abstract visualization lose granularity of information from the physical exercise compared to more traditional visualization, and therefore does not always tell the complete story behind the HR datKhot it al. [10thmes] mentions: “in the future, it would be interesting to create artifacts that represent data from multiple people and see how it would facilitate social interactions and shared understanding of each other’s data”. a. (b) ... atiolorem ipsumicAnother use of HR is explored by Vermeulen et al. [Vermeulen] in Heartfacts which utilize HR data in orde nrich mobile interactions, for example. The participants of the study had monitors attached to themselves while watXhing emotional evoking videos. Based on the changes in their HR, HeartfacntidiosyncratFc video with persThese designs has not been made for the purpose of research but illustrate some of the qualities that we pursue through the use of HR as a tool for narrating personal stories and to support reflection. he study is that sharing thi their beats per minutee

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U n d e r s t a n d i n g H e a r t R a t e S h a r i n g : T o w a r d s U n p a c k i n g P h y s i o s o c i a l S p a c eLetting features of ths

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